2017年成人学位英语考试阅读理解强化练习及答案二

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2017年成人学位英语考试阅读理解强化练习及答案二

 

　　Every human being, no matter what he is doing, gives off body heat. The usual problem is how to dispose of it. But the designers of the Johnstown campus of the University of Pittsburgh set themselves the opposite problem-how to collect body heat. They have designed a collection system which utilizes not only body heat, but the heat given off by such objects as light bubs and refrigerators as well. The system works so well that no conventional fuel is needed to make the campus's six buildings comfortable.

　　Some parts of most modern buildings-theaters and offices as well as classrooms are more than amply heated by people and lights and sometimes must be air-conditioned even in winter. The technique of saving heat and redistributing it is called "heat recovery." A few modern buildings recover heat, but the University's system is the first to recover heat from some buildings and re-use it in others.

　　Along the way, pit has learned a great deal about some of its heat producers. The harder a student studies, the more heat his body gives off. Male students emit more heat than female students, and the larger a student, the more heat he produces. It is tempting to conclude that the hottest prospect for the Johnstown campus would be a hardworking, overweight male genius.

　　1. Until recently, body heat has caused problems because it _____.

　　A. was difficult to collect

　　B. came in a variety of forms

　　C. was difficult to get rid of

　　D. tended to be absorbed by physical objects

　　参考答案：C 答案是开头的第二句：The usual problem is how to dispose of it. Dispose of “处理解决”。

　　2. Which of the following is true of the heating system of the Johnstown campus?

　　A. The heat is supplied by human bodies only.

　　B. The heat is supplied by both human bodies and other heat-emitting objects.

　　C. The heat is supplied by both human bodies and conventional fuel.

　　D. The heat is supplied by human bodies, other heat-emitting objects, and conventional fuel.

　　参考答案：B 答案在第一段的第三句中。他们设计了一种收集系统，它不但利用身体的热，还收集由灯泡、冰箱等散发出来的热。有了这两种热能，作者指出在校园中已无需任何conventional fuel。

　　3.The phrase "even in winter" (in line 8) most nearly means _____.

　　A. if the winter is especially warm

　　B. during all of the year except the winter

　　C. in the winter as well as in other seasons

　　D. during the evenings in the winter

　　参考答案：C 第二段中说：大多数现代化的大楼有些部分-戏院、办公室以及教室是用人体和灯光的热来供热的，有时候甚至在冬天的空调也是由它们来供热。Even意为“甚至”。

　　4. The phrase "heat recovery" refers to a _____.

　　A. method of concealing the source of heat

　　B. special form of air conditioning

　　C. supplementary hot water system

　　D. way of reclaiming and re-using heat

　　参考答案：D 回收再利用热能。此题考察学生对全文的总结能力，以及reclaim和re-use的词义。

　　5. According to the passage which of the following would produce the LEAST amount of heat?

　　A. A fat female who studies hard.

　　B. A thin female who does not study.

　　C. A fat male who does not study.

　　D. A thin male who studies hard.

　　参考答案：B 最后一段倒数第二句说：男学生发出的热量比女生发出的热量多，学生体重越重产生的热量越多。学习刻苦的比学习不刻苦的产生的热量多。所以最瘦的女生产生的热量最少。

　　One hundred and thirteen million Americans have at least one bank-issued credit card. They give their owners automatic credit in stores, restaurants, and hotels, at home, across the country, and even abroad, and they make many banking services available as well. More and more of these credit cards can be read automatically, making it possible to withdraw or deposit money in scattered locations, whether or not the local branch bank is open. For many of us the "cashless society" is not on the horizon—it's already here.

　　While computers offer these conveniences to consumers, they have many advantages for sellers too. Electronic cash registers can do much more than simply ring up sales. They can keep a wide range of records, including who sold what, when, and to whom. This information allows businessmen to keep track of their list of goods by showing which items are being sold and how fast they are moving. Decisions to reorder or return goods to suppliers can then be made. At the same time these computers record which hours are busiest and which employees are the most efficient, allowing personnel and staffing assignments to be made accordingly. And they also identify preferred customers for promotional campaigns. Computers are relied on by manufacturers for similar reasons. Computer-analyzed marketing reports can help to decide which products to emphasize now, which to develop for the future, and which to drop. Computers keep track of goods in stock, of raw materials on hand, and even of the production process itself.

　　Numerous other commercial enterprises, from theaters to magazine publishers, from gas and electric utilities to milk processors, bring better and more efficient services to consumers through the use of computers.

　　6. According to the passage, the credit card enables its owner to ______.

　　A. withdraw as much money from the bank as he wishes

　　B. obtain more convenient services than other people do

　　C. enjoy greater trust from the storekeeper

　　D. cash money wherever he wishes to

　　参考答案：B)。短文第一段是关于信用卡(credit card)的。B项的根据是第一段中的They (credit cards) give their owners automatic credit in stores…和...can be read automatically.既然信用卡能在商店、餐馆、旅店、家里、全国各地、甚至国外等各种场合自动给予“信用”，那么信用卡持有人当然会比其他得到更为方便的服务。A)是陪衬项，明显不对;C)项解释错误;根据withdraw or deposit money in scattered locations判断D)项错。

　　7. From the last sentence of the first paragraph we learn that ______.

　　A. in the future all the Americans will use credit cards

　　B. credit cards are mainly used in the United States today

　　C. nowadays many Americans do not pay in cash

　　D. it is now more convenient to use credit cards than before

　　参考答案：C)。本题是语义理解题。第一段最后一句意思是“对我们大多数人来说，‘无现金的社会’不是在地平线上(即不是刚刚出现的新事物)，在这儿已经实现了”。句中many of us指我们许多美国人，it's already here中的it指cashless society，即“不用现金支付”。显然C)项是这句话的含义。最后一句话只谈到cashless society的已经存在，既推不出A)，也推不出B)。

　　8. The phrase "ring up sales" (Line 2, Para. 2) most probably means ______.

　　A. make an order of goods

　　B. record sales on a cash register

　　C. call the sales manager

　　D. keep track of the goods in stock

　　参考答案：B)。本题考查考生根据上下文推测词义的能力。短语所在的句子是比较级句型，根据“比较对象一致”的原则可知，ring up sales与“电子现金出纳机”electronic cash register属于同类东西。又根据下文They can keep a wide range of records, including…，可知electronic cash register能记许多东西，提供各种销售信息，从这两方面可猜测B项是ring up sales的意思，即现金收录记录机，一种功能单一的现金出纳机。A)项解释毫无根据，C)项离得太远，D)项是electronic cash register的功能之一。故B)为最佳答案。

　　9. The second paragraph focuses upon the purpose of ______.

　　A. giving some specific examples of how businessmen rely on computers

　　B. convincing us how useful computers are to sellers

　　C. conveying computers are derived from promotion campaign

　　D. supporting the idea that we rely on computers completely

　　参考答案：B)。题干问“第二段的主要用途是什么”?A)项为了提供一些商人怎样依赖于电脑的确切例子;B)项为了使我们相信计算机对商人有多么重要;C)项表明计算机起源于推销运动;D)项为了证明我们完全依赖于电脑。纵观全文可知，通篇第二段在讲计算机对商人的种种用途，因此，答案为B)。

　　10. What is this passage mainly about?

　　A. Approaches to the commercial use of computers.

　　B. Conveniences brought about by computers in business.

　　C. Significance of automation in commercial enterprises.

　　D. Advantages of credit cards in business.

　　参考答案：B)。本题为中心思想测试题。第一段介绍了计算机使credit card持有人存款、存、支付等极其方便;第二段讲计算机给销售商带来许多便利，第三段讲了计算机运用的广泛性，而且都是商业方面的运用，由此可知，本文主题思想应为B)(计算机在商业中所带来的好处)。A)项计算机的商用方法;C)项商业自动化的重要性;D)项商业中信用卡的优点。A)、C)、D)均不是本短文的主题思想。

　　Hillary Rodham Clinton released the first television spot of her Senate campaign this morning, a 30-second commercial that will begin airing statewide on Thursday. The spot, titled "First," uses numerous still photos to highlight landmarks in Mrs. Clinton's career, while the voiceover says she is "more than a fist lady."

　　There is no mention of Mrs. Clinton's rival for New York's Senate seat, New York Mayor Rudolph Giuliani.

　　Clinton campaign spokesman Howard Wolfson said the ad was "positive" and "biographical," instead of focusing on the first lady's opponent.

　　Mrs. Clinton has previously aired radio ads, but has generally stayed with a strategy of making extensive campaign appearances instead of using television spots, while Giuliani has already run statewide TV ads.

　　Text of Hillary Commercial:

　　First she became a lawyer, named one of the top hundred in America.

　　Her first cause was children, fighting abuse and chairing the board of the Children's Defense Fund.

　　Her first priority was public schools, helping to establish teacher testing.

　　More than a first lady. For 30 years, she's fought for children and families.

　　As New York's senator, she'll fight for better schools and heath care for children.

　　Hillary, Put her to work for all of us.

　　11. What does the word "air" in the first sentence mean?

　　A. dry

　　B. express

　　C. breathe

　　D. broadcast

　　参考答案：D

　　考点：该题是一个词汇题

　　解析：本题提问的是第一段中的"air"是什么意思。由这句话我们可以得知，希拉里今天早晨发表了她竞选纽约州议员的电视宣传;为时30分钟的电视宣传将于星期二开始进行全国播放。由该句的意思我们可以猜出“air”的意思为“播放”。所以，答案为D.而其他三个词A(晒干)，B(表达)和C(呼吸)均与原义不符，故不能入选。

　　12. What does "more than first lady" in the first paragraph suggest?

　　A. Hillary is not a first lady.

　　B. Hillary does much more than what a first lady is expected to do.

　　C. There are more women in America who does better than Hillary does.

　　D. Hillary is doing better than her husband.

　　参考答案：B

　　考点：这是一个理解判断题。

　　解析：本题提问的是第一段里"more than first lady"是什么意思。在世界各地，第一夫人作为国家元首的妻子，是一国之母，她的形象一般是一个帮助总统处理好家务，并且进行一些妇女活动和慈善事业，借此来提高元首的形象。但是，希拉里作为第一夫人，她所做的超出了第一夫人的职责。她不但在社会活动中经常露脸，而且直接参与政事，开始竞选起议员来了。所以，选项B应该是该题的答案。

　　13.Which of the following statement is true regarding the Senator campaign according the passage?

　　A. Hillary has appeared on TV shot for mumerous times.

　　B. Hillary rarely makes her public appearance.

　　C. Giuliani has made TV advertisement for himself.

　　D. Hillary has a bigger chance to win the campaign.

　　参考答案：C

　　考点：这是一个对原文事实的理解题。

　　解析：本题提问的是对此次参议院竞选，以下哪一个说法是正确的。文章的第四段告诉我们，希拉里以前曾经在广播上作过宣传，但是她一直采取的战略是频频在公众场合出现，而不是使用电视宣传;与她不同的是，Giuliani已作过全国电视宣传。由该段可知，选项C为正确答案。从文章的第一句话我们可以得知，这是希拉里第一次在电视上为自己作宣传，所以，选项A和B不符合原文;此次议员竞选，花落谁手尚未分晓，所以，选项D也不能入选。

　　14. Hillary's campaign focuses on all the flooowing except_____.

　　A. children's health care

　　B. school education for children

　　C. combating child abuse

　　D. family planning policy

　　参考答案：D

　　考点：这是一个对原文细节的分析判断题。

　　解析：本题提问的是以下哪一下不是希拉里的竞选重点。希拉里的竞选广告在文章的最后几段里;它的重点是学校教育;作者评论道，在过去的30年里，希拉里一直都在为儿童和家庭的幸福斗争。将来当了纽约的参议员，她会为孩子们的良好教育和健康保险而努力;由此我们得知，选项A(儿童健康保险)B(儿童的学校教育)和C(打击虐待儿童现象)都是她的竞选重点，只有选项D(计划生育政策)与原文不合，所以，D为本题答案。

　　15.Which of the following can best serve as the title of this passage?

　　A. First Lady's Senator Campaign

　　B. Hillary's TV Advertisement

　　C. A Rivalry for New York's Senate Seat

　　D. The Focuses of Hillary Campaign

　　参考答案：A

　　考点：该题是一个主旨题，考的是文章的题目应该是哪一个。

　　解析：本文从第一夫人希拉里-克林顿为其入选纽约参议员拉开序幕讲起，对目前的竞选状况作了一个大概介绍，并且对希拉里的竞选内容作了一个介绍，同时，作者表达了他自己的观点;整篇文章以介绍她的竞选情况为主，所以，选项A(第一夫人竞选参议员)用以概括全文最为全面，因此，为正确答案。

　　For centuries Dutch engineers have been fighting a war against water. Their main enemy is the sea. A large part if the country is below sea level. In fact, Holland is also called the "Netherlands" which means "low land." Very tall and strong walls, called dykes, have built to keep out the sea. But in very rough weather the sea may suddenly burst through a dyke. Great damage can be caused by floods when this happens.

　　Three large rivers are also part of the problem. These rivers are the Rhine, the Maas and the Scheldt. They flow through Holland into the North Sea. They have cut many passages across the country. At low tides, the rivers flow into the sea as usual. But at high tide, the sea can flow into the rivers! This is because the land is so low.

　　The battles against the water never end, but they have made Holland a bigger and bigger country. In order to prevent floods, the engineers take, or reclaim, land that was under water. The Dutch have been reclaiming land for seven hundred years.

　　Land is usually reclaimed from a passage between islands. Two dykes are built across the passage, so they block the water between them. Then the engineers dig long canals and pump the water into them. At low tide, the canals empty the water into the sea.

　　Because the land is so low, water from the sea and rivers can rise up through the ground. For this reason, the pumps continue working even the land has been drained (that is, when the water has been pumped away). The dykes contain gates, and through these the water is pumped out. In many parts of Holland, pumps must be working all the time. If they stopped, there will be very bad floods.

　　A piece of reclaimed land is called polder, and Holland has thousands of polders. Some are very large, but others are quite small. There are farms on many of the polders. Corn and other crops grow well on the drained land, and it gives good grass for cattle. Many small towns and villages stand on polders. Even Amsterdam's great airport, Schiphol, was built on reclaimed land. This land used to be under the old Lake Haarlem.

　　16.Water is the main threat to Holland because _____.

　　A. the sea is too rough

　　B.the land is lower than the sea

　　C.the high and strong dykes can not keep the floods out

　　D.the weather is too rough

　　参考答案：B 分析：第一段中提到：Their main enemy is the sea. A large part of the country is below sea level. 他们主要的敌人就是海洋。国家大部分地区都在海平面以下。故答案为B.

　　17."Netherlands" means _____.

　　A.high land

　　B.land of water

　　C.low land

　　D.land of dykes

　　参考答案：C 分析：第一段中提到：...Netherland which means "low land"。由此可以得出结论，所以选C.

　　18.Holland is threatened not only by the sea, but also by _____.

　　A.the floods from broken dykes

　　B.the three rivers

　　C.the sea tides

　　参考答案：B 分析：第二段开头提到：Three large rivers are also part of the problem. 三条大河也是一个问题。所以选B

　　D.many passages the three rivers have cut across the country

　　19.The Holland claim land from the sea in order to _____.

　　A.prevent floods

　　B.make their country larger

　　C.make their country more beautiful

　　D.have more farmland

　　参考答案：B 分析：第三段开头提到：The battle against the water never end, but they have made Holland a bigger and bigger county. 与洪水的斗争一直没有停，但这使荷兰成为越来越大的国家。所以选B.

　　20.If pumps stop working there will be very floods because _____.

　　A.the water will run back at high tide

　　B.the sea may break the dykes in rough weather

　　C.the battle against water will never end

　　D.the land is too low and water can rise up through the drained land

　　参考答案：D 分析：第五段开头提到：Because the land is so low, water from the sea and rivers can rise up through the ground. 选项D正是这句话的改写。

　　21.The word "polder" means ____.

　　A.a piece of newly-claimed land

　　B.a small island

　　C.a newly built dyke

　　D.a long canal

　　参考答案：A 分析：最后一段提到：A piece of reclaimed land is called polder. 重新收回的土地叫开拓地。所以答案是A.

　　

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