英语翻译3.Prevention–appraisal–failure modelThe quality of products or services does not only focuson their ultimate delivery,but also on the quality of thewhole business process.To provide optimum benefits,companies should apply the most rea

英语翻译3.Prevention–appraisal–failure modelThe quality of products or services does not only focuson their ultimate delivery,but also on the quality of thewhole business process.To provide optimum benefits,companies should apply the most rea
英语翻译
3.Prevention–appraisal–failure model
The quality of products or services does not only focus
on their ultimate delivery,but also on the quality of the
whole business process.To provide optimum benefits,
companies should apply the most reasonable and cost
ective method to achieve client satisfaction.Nowadays,
organizations are faced with accelerating and unpredict-
able rates of changes in areas such as technology,demog-
raphy market preference,patterns of work and legislation,
in which it will only survive if its employees are ectively
trained and fully committed to its growth and develop-
ment [21].This commitment stems from a real sense of
personal involvement,respect and value.The industry is
rife with examples of substandard work,shoddy workman-
ship,cost overruns and project delays.There are also fre-
quent complaints about poor quality of fittings and
finishes of newly completed residential buildings in both
the public and the private sectors [2].The uplifting of con-
struction quality requires a change of mindset among all
industry participants so that everybody is committed to
achieve excellence rather than merely to meet the mini-
mum acceptable standards [2].The entire project team
should aim to deliver a total quality product that not only
meets the client’s and end-users’ requirements in all
respects,but it is also completed on time,at a reasonable
cost,and in a safe and environmentally responsible man-
ner [22].To drive towards excellence,all sectors of the con-
struction industry must develop a performance-oriented
culture with an emphasis on seeking continuous improve-
ment rather than adopting short-term and project-based
approaches.
Improving product quality and reducing product cost
are the two main management tasks for an organization.
Reviews from Aoieong et al.[23] and Tang et al.[17] pro-
vided a comprehensive methodology and procedure in
choosing suitable models in cost of quality for various
types of activities.Among them,the PAF modelling
method can be used to achieve this goal (see Fig.1).The
termsusedinthePAFmodellingmethod aredefinedasfol-
lows [24]:

英语翻译3.Prevention–appraisal–failure modelThe quality of products or services does not only focuson their ultimate delivery,but also on the quality of thewhole business process.To provide optimum benefits,companies should apply the most rea
3 .预防评估失效模式
产品质量或服务,并不只集中
对他们的最终交付,而且对质量的
整个业务流程.以提供最佳的好处,
公司应适用于最合理和成本
e ective方法,以达到客户满意度.如今,
组织正面临着加速和unpredict -
能够变动率等方面的技术,demog -
raphy市场的偏好,模式的工作和立法,
在它只会生存,如果它的雇员是e ectively
训练和充分致力于其增长和发展-
ment [ 21 ] .这一承诺源于真正意义上的
个人的参与,尊重和价值.业界
充斥着的例子,不合标准的工作,伪劣工人-
船舶,费用超支和工程延误.也有邻-
quent投诉质量差,设备和
完成新落成的住宅楼宇在这两个
公共部门和私营部门[ 2 ] .隆升协商
结构质量,需要改变观念之间的所有
业参加,让大家致力于
实现卓越而不是仅仅满足小
妈妈可接受的标准[ 2 ] .整个项目团队
目标应是提供一个全面质量的产品,不仅
会见客户的和最终用户的要求在所有
尊重,但它也是可以如期完成,在一个合理的
成本,并在安全及环保的负责人-
净入学率[ 22 ] .以推动实现卓越,各部门的结论
工业结构必须制定一项面向性能
文化为重点,寻求持续改善-
ment而不是采取短期和以项目为基础的
办法.
提高产品质量和降低产品成本
是两个主要的管理任务,为一个组织.
评论从aoieong等人.[ 23 ] ,唐等人.[ 17 ]亲
vided一个全面的方法和程序,在
选择合适的模式,在成本,质量的各种
类型的活动.其中,血小板活化因子的模特儿
方法可以用来实现这一目标（见图1 ） .那个
termsusedinthepafmodellingmethod aredefinedasfol -
低点[ 24 ] ：