意大利十四行诗的特点 英文的THE FEATURE OF ITALIAN SONNET

意大利十四行诗的特点 英文的THE FEATURE OF ITALIAN SONNET
意大利十四行诗的特点 英文的
THE FEATURE OF ITALIAN SONNET

意大利十四行诗的特点 英文的THE FEATURE OF ITALIAN SONNET
The Italian sonnet was created by Giacomo da Lentini,head of the Sicilian School under Frederick II.Guittone d'Arezzo rediscovered it and brought it to Tuscany where he adapted it to his language when he founded the Neo-Sicilian School (1235–1294).He wrote almost 300 sonnets.Other Italian poets of the time,including Dante Alighieri (1265–1321) and Guido Cavalcanti (c.1250–1300) wrote sonnets,but the most famous early sonneteer was Petrarca (known in English as Petrarch).Other fine examples were written by Michelangelo.
The Italian sonnet included two parts.First,the octave (two quatrains),which describe a problem,followed by a sestet (two tercets),which gives the resolution to it.Typically,the ninth line creates a "turn" or volta which signals the move from proposition to resolution.Even in sonnets that don't strictly follow the problem/resolution structure,the ninth line still often marks a "turn" by signaling a change in the tone,mood,or stance of the poem.
In the sonnets of Giacomo da Lentini,the octave rhymed a-b-a-b,a-b-a-b; later,the a-b-b-a,a-b-b-a pattern became the standard for Italian sonnets.For the sestet there were two different possibilities,c-d-e-c-d-e and c-d-c-c-d-c.In time,other variants on this rhyming scheme were introduced such as c-d-c-d-c-d.
The first known sonnets in English,written by Sir Thomas Wyatt and Henry Howard,Earl of Surrey,used this Italian scheme,as did sonnets by later English poets including John Milton,Thomas Gray,William Wordsworth and Elizabeth Barrett Browning.Early twentieth-century American poet,Edna St.Vincent Millay,also wrote most of her sonnets using the Italian form.
This example,On His Blindness by Milton,gives a sense of the Italian
When I consider how my light is spent (a)
Ere half my days,in this dark world and wide,(b)
And that one talent which is death to hide,(b)
Lodged with me useless,though my soul more bent (a)
To serve therewith my Maker,and present (a)
My true account,lest he returning chide; (b)
"Doth God exact day-labor,light denied?" (b)
I fondly ask; but Patience to prevent (a)
That murmur,soon replies,"God doth not need (c)
Either man's work or his own gifts; who best (d)
Bear his mild yoke,they serve him best.His state (e)
Is Kingly.Thousands at his bidding speed (c)
And post o'er land and ocean without rest; (d)
They also serve who only stand and wait." (e)