英语,请问时态语句语法总结还有THE这个词该怎么用,我老用错,

英语,请问时态语句语法总结还有THE这个词该怎么用,我老用错,
英语,请问时态语句语法总结
还有THE这个词该怎么用,我老用错,

英语,请问时态语句语法总结还有THE这个词该怎么用,我老用错,
一般现在时:
一般现在时是英语中应用最广泛的时态之一,是初中英语语法重点.它表示1)经常性、习惯性的动作或存在的状态.e.g. I go to school on foot. He is very busy now. 2)表示主语的特征、性格、能力、爱好等.e.g. He can swim. I work hard. I like watching TV. 3)表示客观真理 e.g. There are seven days in a week. The moon moves round the earth.
其结构按正常语序,即“主语+谓语+其它”,有时为了起强调作用,时间状语也可提前.
其句式变化可分为两种情况 1)表示动作, 一般人称作主语的,变否定句须在动词前加助动词don’t；变一般疑问句须在句首加助动词do. E.g. They have lunch at 12:00. They don’t have lunch at 12:00. Do they have lunch at 12:00? 2）单三人称做主语的,变否定句须在动词前加助动词doesn’t；变一般疑问句须在句首加助动词does.
E.g. Jenny speaks English very well.
Jenny doesn’t speak English very well.
Does Jenny speak English very well?
含有be动词的要在be上做变化.
E.g. Danny is a good student.
Danny isn’t a good student.
Is Danny a good student?
其时间状语为often、 usually、 always、 sometimes等频率副词,on Saturdays、 in the morning(afternoon evening) 、every day 等.
学生常见错误如下：
一、be动词与行为动词同时出现在句子中
例：We are plant (plant) the trees in spring.
答案：plant
解析：学生往往会用汉语的思维方式去翻译,就成了“我们是在春天植树”.这是学习英语最忌讳的,要看语法是不是正确,在英语中,be是表状态,do是表动作,两种动词不能同时出现在句子中,可记住如下口诀：“英汉语言有差异,be 、do不能放一起,仔细琢磨细分析,语法千万要牢记.”
一般过去时:
一般过去时主要表示过去某时发生的动作或情况.可以从以下几个方面来理1）过去某个时间所发生的动作或存在的状态.e.g. I bought a new shirt yesterday. He was a worker two years ago.2）过去一段时间内,经常性或习惯性的动作.e.g. When I was a child,I often played with fire. Li Lei always walked to school last term.3）谈到已故人的情况时多用过去时.e.g. Lu Xun was a great writer.4）有些发生时间不是很清楚的情况,实际是过去发生的,也应用过去时态.e.g. What did you say?
另外,还可用过去时表示委婉的语气.e.g. Could you lend me your pen?
其结构是"主语+动词的过去式".be动词的过去式为was, were；行为动词的过去式有规则变化和不规则变化两种,规则变化有以下几种情况：1）直接在动词原形末尾加-ed. e.g. work-----worked; ask------asked; 2）以e结尾的动词只加-d. e.g. arrive-----arrived; like-----liked.3)末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节,应先双写这个辅音字母,再加-ed. e.g. shop-----shopped; 4)以"辅音字母+y"结尾的动词,先把y变成i,再加-ed. e.g. carry----carried; study------studied.有些动词变过去式是不规则的,e.g. fly------flew; break-----broke; teach-----taught. 这些需要象生单词一样记住.
其句式变化分为两种情况1)含有be动词的依然在be上做文章. e.g. I was born in 1980. I was not born in 1980. Were you born in 1980? 2)含有行为动词的变否定句要在行为动词前加助动词didn't.,同时把动词变成原形; 变一般疑问句,在句首加助动词did,同时把动词变成原形. e.g. I bought a gift for my mum yesterday. I didn't buy a gift for my mum yesterday. Did you buy a gift for your mum yesterday?
其时间状语为yesterday或由其构成的短语,e.g. yesterday morning; 由"last+时间"构成的短语, e.g. last year; 由"时间段+ago"构成的短语, e.g. three days ago; 另外,还有on the morning of Monday, just now等,以及一些表示过去时态的从句.注意,在宾语从句中主句为过去,一般从句也为过去.
一般将来时:
一般将来时表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态以及计划、打算做某事.E.g. They will have a football match tomorrow. He will be thirty next week. She is going to buy a coat this afternoon.
其结构有如下几种: 1)will + 动词原形(will可以用于任何人称) 需要注意的是当主语是第一人称时will可以换成shall,特别是在以I或we作主语的问句中,一般用shall. e.g. Shall we go to the zoo? 2)be going to +动词原形 3)现在进行时也可表示将来,前边已经讲过,这里不在重复.
第一种结构的句式变化是: 变否定句在will后边加not. 变一般疑问句把will提前. e.g. She will be back in three days. She will not be back in three days. Will She be back in three days? 第二种结构的句式变化要在be上做文章. E.g. They are going to clean their classroom. They are not going to clean their classroom. Are they going to clean their classroom?
其时间状语有如下几种 1）this引导的短语 如 this year 2）tomorrow及其相关短语如tomorrow morning 3）next引导的短语 如 next month 4) from now on ; in the future ; in an hour 等.
现在进行时:
现在进行时表示1、现在（说话的瞬间）正在进行或发生的动作,强调“此时此刻”.E.g. He is reading . They are talking now.
2、当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作.E.g. They are working these days.
3、某些动词的现在进行时,表预定的计划或即将发生的动作.E.g I am coming.
其结构为be+现在分词. 现在分词的变法有
1、一般在动词词尾加上-ing ,E.g. jump
2、以不发音字母e结尾的动词,先去e,再加-ing. E.g have write
3、.以重读闭音节末尾只有一个辅音字母结尾的词,它前面是单个元音字母时要先将词尾的辅音字母双写,再加上-ing. E.g. sit put
其句式变换都在be上做文章.
E.g. He is buying a bike.
Is he buying a bike?
He isn’t buying a bike.
一般由look,listen,now, at this moment等时间状语做标志.
过去进行时:
1） 概念：表示过去某时正在进行的状态或动作.
2） 过去进行时的主要用法是描述一件事发生的背景；一个长动作发生的时候,另一个短动作发生.
3) 常用的时间状语
this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while
My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself.
It was raining when they left the station.
When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining.
现在完成时;
现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,也可表示过去已经开始,一直延续到现在的动作或状态.学习现在完成时,先从结构和句式开始:
构成:主语 + have/has + 过去分词 + 其他.(当主语是第三人称单数时用has,其余人称用have.过去分词:规则动词的过去分词构成与动词过去式相同;不规则动词需要特殊记忆.)
否定式:主语 + haven't/hasn't + 过去分词 + 其他.
疑问式: Have /Has + 主语 + 过去分词 + 其他?
简略答语: Yes, 主语 + have/has.(肯定)
No, 主语 + haven't/hasn't.(否定)

第二部分
现在完成时的含义之一是过去完成的动作对现在仍有影响,用以下四大标志词可以表达这种含义:
* 以already, just和yet为标志
already, just和yet 表示到现在为止动作或状态已经、刚刚或还没有发生.
He has already got her help. 他已得到她的帮助.
He has just seen the film. 他刚刚看过这场电影.
He hasn't come back yet. 他还没有回来.
* 以ever和never为标志
ever和never 表示到现在为止动作或状态曾经或从来没有发生过.
This is the best film I have ever seen. 这是我曾经看过的最好的一部电影.
He has never been to Beijing. 他从没有到过北京.
* 以动作发生的次数为标志
若某一动作到现在为止已经发生了若干次,则要使用现在完成时.
He says he has been to the USA three times. 他说他已经去过美国三次了.
* 以so far为标志
so far往往表示到目前为止动作或状态已经发生.
He has got to Beijing so far. 到目前为止他已到了北京.
She has passed the examso far. 到目前为止她已经通过了考试.
第三部分
过去已经开始的动作一直延续到现在, 甚至有可能继续延续下去,我们可以从动作“延续”的特性和“时间”点段的区分入手,进一步学习现在完成时.
*“终止”、“延续”要转换
英语中的动词从词义上可以分为延续性和非延续性两种,在现在完成时态中一定要注意动词这一特性,应将这类非延续性动词转换为延续性动词.如:
“The cat play” has been on for half an hour. 《猫》已经开演半个小时了.
How long have you had this dictionary? 这本字典你买了多久了?
初中阶段常见的有:come-be, go out -be out, leave-be away (from), begin-be on, buy-have, borrow-keep , join-be a member / 介词短语, die-be dead, become-be, open(v.)-be open(adj.) 等.
* 时间“点”、“段”须分清
过去开始的动作可以延续到某一点结束,也可能继续延续,这时就要根据时间“点”、“段”选择相应的介词for或since.如:
He has been away for two years. 他已走了两年.(for+时间段)
He has been an English teacher since 1992. 自从1992年以来他一直当英语教师.
(since+过去某一时刻)
第四部分
一、动词的过去分词形式：通常一个动词的过去分词和他的过去式是一样的,在动词后面加ed构成过去分词,但是有一些动词的过去分词有不规则的形式.
be--been go--gone come--come run--run swim--swum fly--flown see--seen
speak--spoken do--done give--given hide--hidden become--become
take--taken get--gotten / got break--broken shake--shaken wake--waken
awake--awaken rise--risen lay--lain fall--fallen begin--begun know--known
forget--forgotten write--written choose--chosen drink--drunk eat--eaten
bite--bitten show--shown
She has forgotten her name. She has amnesia.
她已经忘记了自己的名字.她有健忘症.
I have already drunk the coffee.
我已经喝过咖啡了.
They have gone to see the President.
他们已经去见校长了.
She has come to see you.
她来看过你了.
二、当have被用在现在完成时态中时,它可以和前面的代名词一起组成缩写形式.
I've been to New York once before.
我曾经到过纽约.
He's gone to the fish market.
他已经去过鱼市了.
We've come to help.
我们已经提供了帮助.
三、现在完成时用not来表达否定形式.当有not出现的时候,have可以和not组成缩写,但是此时不能和前面的代名词组成缩写.
She hasn't spoken to him.
她还没和他说过话.
提问的时候,have需要被提到句首.
Have you seen Matthew?
你见过马休了么?
四、简单过去时和现在完成时在一定程度上有共同之处,当然事实上两者之间有本质区别.当需要指明过去一个特定的时刻发生的事情时,需要使用简单过去式.
He finished three days ago.
他三天前做完了工作.
They finished a long time ago.
他们老早就完成工作了.
五、当没有特定指明的时间,现在完成时和一般过去时都可以使用.
I have already finished.
我早就完工了.
I already finished.
我早就完工了.
一般过去时比现在完成时更能表达事情的结果.
John has taught math for twenty years.
约翰已经教了20年的数学.
John taught math for twenty years.
约翰教了20年数学.
在上面的句子中,第一句保留了约翰继续教数学的可能性.第二句表明约翰已经不再教数学了,他可能退休了,换工作了,或者去世了.
Steve and Carol have eaten at that restaurant twice. They really like it.
史蒂文和卡洛尔已经在那家饭店吃过两次饭了.他们真的喜欢那里.
Steve and Carol ate at that restaurant twice.
史蒂文和卡洛尔两次在那家饭店吃饭.
六、如果一件事情发生在过去并且延续到说话的这个时刻,就需要使用现在完成时.
They have lived here for a long time.
他们在这里已经生活了很长一段时间.
She has been in Australia for two years.
她到澳大利亚已经两年了.
We have studied for 5 hours straight.
我们已经连续学习了5个小时.
Tim has waited for 30 minutes.
蒂姆已经等了30分钟了.
下面的句子包含了“动作在过去发生并且已经结束”的含义.
They lived here for a long time.
他们在这里住了很长一段时间
Melissa waited for 30 minutes.
梅丽莎等了30分钟.
通常当句子里有since时我们使用现在完成时.
We have lived here since June.
我们从六月份开始就住在这里.
She has been in China since last month.
她从上个月起就在中国了.
当现在完成时前有might时,就算主格是第三人称单数形式,我们还是使用have的动词原型形式.
She might have forgotten to lock the door.
她可能忘记了关门.
He might have given the painting to someone.
他可能已经把画给别人了.
Should、could、must没有简单过去时.他们用现在完成时来表达过去的状态.
He should have told you earlier.
他应该早点告诉你的.
I should have tried harder.
我应该更努力的.
She could have been nicer.
她可以做得更好的.
You must have seen him.
你一定已经见过他了.
现在完成时和一般过去时的区别
一、现在完成时一般不与表示过去某具体时间的词语搭配使用；一般过去时常常与过去的某个具体时间搭配使用.
如：I went home at 10:00 yesterday.
I have got home now.
二、现在完成时--ever和never
ever和never常用于现在完成时,放在过去分词前面；表示“经历”.ever表示“曾经”,never表示“从不”；not ever=never.现在完成时--ever和never.ever多用于疑问句,never一般用于否定句；
例句：Have you ever been to Japan?（你去过日本吗?）I have never been to Japan.（我从未去过日本.）
三、现在完成时一般疑问句的回答
现在完成时的结构是：“have/has + 过去分词”,这里have是助动词,因此,现在完成时的一般疑问句的结构是：Have/Has +主语+过去分词?
四、现在完成时一般疑问句的回答
简要回答这类疑问句时结构为：Yes, 主语+have/has. No, 主语+haven’t/ hasn’t.
为了进一步说明,常常再加一句一般过去时的句子,如：A:Have you been to Shanghai?
B: Yes, I have. I went there last year.
have been / have gone
have been to…表示“去过某地”（表示过去的经历,现在已经回来）
have gone to…表示“去了某地”（表示出去了,还没有回来）

过去完成时;
谓语动词构成：I/we/you/they had worked; he/she/it had worked
(1) 表示过去某一时刻之前已经完成的动作,常与由by,before引导的时间状语连用
We had learned 5000 words by the end of last month.
到上个月底为止我已经学了五千个单词.
I had finished the composition before supper. 晚饭前我就已经把作文写完了.
(2) 表示过去某一动作之前已经完成的动作,常与由when,before等连词引导的时间状语从句连用
When I woke up it had already stopped raining. 我醒来的时候雨就已经停了.
I hadn't learned any English before I came here. 我来这儿之前没学过英语.
(3) 用于宾语从句或间接引语中
I wondered who had taken the umbrella without permission.
我想知道谁不经允许就把雨伞拿去.
He told me that he had passed the exam. 他告诉我他已通过考试.
(4) 某些动词的过去完成时表示一个打算要做却没有做成的事.
I had intended to come over to see you last night, but someone called and I couldn't get away. 昨晚我本打算来看你,但有人来找,脱不开身.
We had hoped to catch the early bus, but found it was gone.
我们本来希望乘早班车,却发现车已开了.
(5) 用于表示与过去事实相反的虚拟条件从句中
If you had come yesterday, you would have met him.
如果你昨天来的话,你就已经见到他的面了.
She would have come if she hadn’t been so busy.
要不是这么忙的话,她就已经来了.
将来进行时

1) 概念：表示将来某时进行的状态或动作,或按预测将来会发生的事情.
She'll be coming soon.
I'll be meeting him sometime in the future.
注意：将来进行时不用于表示"意志",不能说 I'll be having a talk with her.
2）常用的时间状语
Soon, tomorrow, this evening,on Sunday, by this time,tomorrow, in two days, tomorrow evening
By this time tomorrow, I'll be lying on the beach
将来完成时

1) 构成will / be going to do sth.
2) 概念
a. 状态完成：表示某事继续到将来某一时为止一直有的状态.
b. 动作完成：表示将来某一时或另一个将来的动作之前,已经完成的动作或一获得的经验.
They will have been married for 20 years by then.
You will have reached Shanghai by this time tomorrow.

the的用法:
① 表示上文提到过的人或事物.如：I have bought a book. The book is very useful.
② 用于说话人与听话人心中都有数的人或事物.如：Close the window, please.
③ 用于表示世界上独一无二的事物前.如：the sun, the moon, the earth, the world等.
④ 用于表示方位的名词之前.如：the east, the right.
⑤ 用于序数词或形容词的最高级之前.如：the first, the tallest.
⑥ 用于形容词之前,使其名词化.如：the sick, the wounded.
⑦ 用于由普通名词构成的专有名词之前.如：the United States, the United Nation.
⑧ 用于江河、海洋、海峡、山脉、群岛、建筑物等的名词之前.如：the Changjiang River, the East Lake.
⑨ 用于复数姓氏之前,表示"夫妇"或"全家".如：The Smiths
⑩ 用于乐器的名词前.如：play the piano; play the violin.
⑾ 发明物.如：The compass was invented in China.
⑿ 年代名词前.如：He lived in the countryside in the 1970s.
⒀ 固定词组中.如：in the morning(afternoon, evening), on the other hand , at the same time